The “K” factor is a power constant that represents the number of cubic inches of metal per minute that can be removed by one horsepower. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. Use K-Factor Calculator to calculate k factor values. 8 kPa/100 m = 1000 mmH2O/100 m. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. Mechanical Properties Typical Values at 68°F (20°C) Yield Strength Ultimate Tensile Elongation Hardness 0. The friction loss for each bend is: Δ p f f = ζ x 1 2 ρ w x 2 = 673. Increasing expansion occurs with silicon, tungsten, titanium, silver, iron, nickel, steel, gold, copper, tin, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, lead, potassium, sodium, and. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. 36 N in air, wear surfaces are covered by oxide films and fine and thin wear particles of 0. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. 10. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. 5 throughout the article, so lets focus on entering the other two values correctly. The frictional force can be expressed as. The value of μ s is generally higher than the value of μ k for a given combination of materials. 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. I work on Solidworks Sheet Metal for designing sheet metal boxes, plates, hoppers,etc. 5. 446. c. 81 m/s 2: Calculation. Mark the nut at the 6 o’clock position. Δ p minor_loss = ξ ρ f v 2 / 2 (1) . 1. Several points here. 6 (80), 8. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. The indicated residual pressures are based on the nominal K-factor. while stainless steel plates can. Pendent, Recessed Pendent, Upright. R – inside bend radius in m. 8 538 16 21 1387 35 41 55 1985 51 59 78 2319 59 68 91 6 1 763 27 36 1968 60 70 93 2816 86 100 133 3291 101 117 155layer containing air gaps (m2K/W) R ub Is the total thermal resistance of the construction ignoring thermal bridges (m2K/W) ∆U’’ Is the air gap correction factor as defined in BS EN ISO 6946 (Annex D). For horsepower at the motor (HPm), use formula: HPm = HPC/E. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Stainless Steel & Rust; How to Clean. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. Where. tR = tF + 459. 35 "dry" The torque values can only be achieved if nut (or tapped hole) has a proof load greater than or equal to the bolt's minimum ultimate tensile strength. [8] Monel alloy 400 is notable for its toughness, which is maintained over a. 15-5 stainless steel is a martensitic, precipitation hardening steel designed for higher strength than 17-4 stainless. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. ComponentDefinition kFac = oCompDef. Source: STEEL PRODUCTS MANUAL, STAINLESS AND HEAT RE-SISTING STEELS, DECEMBER 1974, American Iron andThe K values given below are for making estimates of friction loss in cases not covered in the previous tables. 0 : 0. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. 33 K factor 0. 2 5. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. Other applications include fasteners and screens for the mining industry. Along with it they also learn the concept of fracture toughness. Stainless Steel 316 . 80, [7] a melting range of 1300–1350 °C, an electrical conductivity of approximately 34% IACS , and (in the annealed state) a hardness of 65 Rockwell B. S-N Curve / Woehler Curve. Since the inside compression can not exceed the outside tension, the k-factor can never exceed . works across most material types. Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0. 83 @ 1000ºF. 5% chromium, the oxide film is of insufficient durability. Many designers reference a chart like this or use test pieces to calculate the K-Factor for specific projects. 85. 09–0. , and Giarratano, P. 0. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . Grade 301 Temper ASTM. 33 K factor 0. In 2001, Rasmussen et al. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. C. 446 × 0. Portuguese / português. 84. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. 75 degrees of springback. ρ f = density of fluid (kg/m 3 , slugs /ft 3 ) . 15 K = 0. 7 min read. Hot food in stainless steel containers. Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. The nut factor, K, sums up the combined effects of many variables affecting. Bend allowance chart for SUS (stainless steel) 3. Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. Therefore, the K factor remains constant. The linear thermal expansion coefficient is the ratio c hange in length per degree temperature to length. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. NEMA 3R stainless steel (Type 316) available through 150 kVA. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8. Lead- and nickel-free anti-seize paste used to reduce wear and optimize friction of threaded fasteners, or other metal-to-metal joints, enabling nondestructive dismantling, even after long exposure to high temperatures. I am primarily processing stainless steel, 304 and 316, with a range of thickness from 1. 067 B a r. 01. 77CO 2 eq. The Y-factor is set at 0. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. By definition, “stainless” steel must contain at least 10. We at thyssenkrupp Materials (UK) supply 430 in a variety of forms off the shelf for next day delivery or, available as bespoke sizes on a call off basis. 0×10⁻⁶ / K. Learn more about carbide inserts Cutting-Edge Geometry Parameters. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. In determining horsepower consumption, “K” factors must be used. 1mm using an amada pressbrake. Company USA: (937) 778-8947 • Canada: (905) 457-6223 • International: (937) 615-3598 12 90 Friction Loss For Water At 60° F Per 100 Feet Of Pipe New Schedule 40 Steel Pipe - The friction values are from the Hydraulic Institute Pipe Friction Manual. Stainless Steel 296 x 10 -5 35 x 10–5 Copper 326 x 10 -5 44 x 10 -5 Aluminum 415 x 10 -5 47 x 10 -5 Iron 198 x 10 -518 x 10 Invar 40 x 10 -5-. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. Mater. 1. This specification covers chromium, chromium-nickel, and chromium-manganese-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for basic. 15%, and the minimum chromium content is only 1% less than 304. Step 1a: Choose Installation Type. We have already agreed that the K-Factor will be constant at 0. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of T = 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t = 0. It is difficult to perform cold working in grade 330 stainless steel as the steel has high strength and work hardening rate. 11 to 0. We use cookies to enhance your experience. 4301). Pipe Material e (mm) e (ft) Glass, drawn brass, copper (new) 0. Hot Working. 01 m) = 0. K = K-Factor, which is t / T. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. 1% carbon by weight and is known for its high strength, hardness, and ductility. H Stainless Steel Tube 67 I PVC – Series 1 71 J PVC – Series 2 103 K Polyethylene119 L Polyethylene – Rural 180 M Aluminium 182 N Rubber Hose 184 O Concrete 189. . Or the inside radius of the dimple plus 3 times material thickness. We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. 15 K = 0. Here is how you can calculate this answer: Find the volume (in m3) of the 12 mm steel rod using the cylinder volume formula: V = π⋅d2⋅l/4 = π⋅ (12×10-3)2⋅12/4 = 1. Time-dependent stress corrosion cracking is. Cold Working. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. Thermal diffusivity is usually denoted by lowercase alpha ( α ), but a, h, κ ( kappa ), [2] K, [3] and D are. 5 m) to estimate the relative roughness k s /D H, the mean velocity (by continuity) and the Reynolds number. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. Lodgement Spring: Stainless Steel Pin: Stainless Steel Cup: Steel Cover Plate: Steel Installation Wrench: Ductile Iron Cover Plate Finishes: • Chrome plated • White painted •. ASME. For 18- and 20-ga. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. From and is defaulted at . 13 - Stainless steel Martensitic, Quenched & Tempered: 1875: 272: 0. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. 0. So best would be to ask the shop floor people on what they prefer for K factor w. r = relative roughness. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. How much material will be needed to create said bend? We already have all the information we need to calculate it from the bend allowance formula. Stainless Steel 90 D: Gasket, Flange, Fastener as a System. This article summarizes the thermal conductivity of stainless steel 304 and 316 at various temperatures in annealed condition, also other stainless steel grades. The 316 family is a group of austenitic stainless steels with superior corrosion resistance to 304 stainless steels. General Properties. . r = k / d h = (0. KC Curve Factor (MC) The MC constant indicates how KC varies as the chip thickness gets further away from the normalized point of 1 mm. 0 K-factor (K115) varieties and three temperature ratings, including 280 F (137. 4 77. T1 in T2 out ∆1 T1 out T2 in ∆2 Higher Θ Temperature. But when it comes to entering K Factor for Mild Steel and Stainless Steel it gets confusing as this affects the blank size. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 0 6. Circular Ring - Temperature Expansion Calculate ring (or pipe) diameter expansion or contraction when temperature changes. Where high strength is. tK = tC + 273. Our bend radius rule of thumb is the minimum radius = material thickness. AISI 301 Stainless Steel (UNS S30100) AISI 301 stainless steel (UNS S30100) is the most susceptible to cold deformation strengthening among conventional austenitic stainless steels. Thermal conductivity for stainless steel is 17 W/(m K) (from the table above). A slenderness ratio greater than. Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. 4 in3/min. 20 4 0. 10/19 schedule 40 steel pipes. Just follow these simple steps and it will spit out a K-factor for you to input into your CAD tool. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. Stainless steel prevents rusting because of its composition. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. 20% for various metals, is popular among engineers. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and Calculator ; Pipe Friction Equations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow ; Link to this Webpage: Copy Text to clipboard. 6 k-factor 1/2 inch npt sprinklers figure 3 poly-stainless series ty-b standard response upright (ty4151) and pendent (ty4251) 8. This table contains typical values of absolute roughness for common construction materials. The rate becomes very rapid as K max approaches K 1C. ASME. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . 2, k u, θ = σ u, θ / σ u), a factor k 2 %, θ (denoted g 2, θ the in the Euro Inox/SCI Design Manual [16]) used to determine the elevated temperature. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. 2 in. 8. 0. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. 2 bar (60 psi) maximum PRESSURE END CONNECTION 1/2" BSPT (1/2” NPT Optional) K-FACTOR K-42 Standard (K-2. in feet of straight pipe). Example - Linear Expansion. Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion Thermal expansion of typical piping materials. factor in service. 0mm. 3 depending on the raw material. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. 33 K factor 0. The reason being that it takes the wear rate, the applied load, and the hardness of the wear pin into account. Using the data as input in our bend allowance calculator, we obtain: T = K D F/12. 5% chromium. But whether you call it K-factor, Y-factor, or neutral factor, if you’re working with us, there’s one important thing that you should know: Don’t worry about it. Titanium had a longer life at low stresses compared with stainless steel, and stainless steel had a longer life at higher stresses. Resistors and resistor wire, used for zero. Stainless Steel 330 (X12NiCrSi36-16):Cutting conditions, Recommended Carbide Grades, Equivalent Material Standards, and Chemical Composition. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. The emissions factor when calculating the carbon footprint of steel per kg is: Iron metal (steel) 1kg = 1. It aids the determination of the exact materials required before trimming portions of the sheet metal and is also useful. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. Document. E. 2. 146, 235. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. r = k / d h (1) where. Base part number is shown. 2 show that Victaulic Vic-Press for Schedule 10S stainless steel fittings and Schedule 10 stainless steel pipe compliant with ASTM A-312 may be used on ASME B31. 1 in (inch) = 25. R = Inside Bend Radius; A = Bending Angle; T = Sheet Thickness; K = Value of K-Factor. 33 K factor 0. The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. R. Here we need to discuss: Non-Lubricated Bolts (a. How do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k-factor for similar plate thickness and bend angle? So we bend a lot of mild steel. A = bend angle in degrees (the angle through which the material is bent)In this section, all available elevated temperature material test results on stainless steel alloys are analysed in order to obtain accurate strength reduction factors (k 0. Approvals. 304 stainless steel: 2–3°. Our free online sheet metal bending calculator enables you to rapidly determine the crucial parameters in sheet metal bending calculations, such as the K-factor, Y-factor, bend allowance, bend deduction, arc length, and unfolding flat size. The PVC pipe calculation are made with the Online Hazens-Williams Calculator with a roughness coefficient c = 145. For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. For example, chromium can be added for corrosion resistance, nickel can improve toughness and ductility, and. You just have to insert the characteristics of the sheet metal to be bent. 1: Titanium Alloys: Material: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion: 10-6 (°C)-1: 10-6. System details. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. 1 percent carbon, Carbon Steel also contains various other alloying elements like manganese (1. 5–1°. Stainless steel grade 430 is a non-hardenable steel containing straight chromium, and belongs to the ferritic group of steels. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. Steel is an iron alloy that contains between 0. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800–1500°F (427– 816°C). 04. copper 0. As a general rule of thumb, one can associate the following k-factors with the following: k-factor of 7: Aluminum; k-factor of 5: Steel; k-factor of 3: Welds; SN-Curve adjustments due to Mean Stress. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. Coefficients for some common materials used in ducts and pipes are indicated below: Fluid Flow Friction Loss - Hazen-Williams Coefficients vs. 9 Bare Steel; DIN 7984-A2 Stainless Steel; Keys. 0 K-factor. where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. 2, as per my machine design textbook (V. Keep in mind that there will be a reduction rating when sensing stainless steel. Choose Meter Type EX810/EX820 EX110 EX150 EX210 EX250 IP810/IP820 IP110 IP210 IP150 IP250 TX810/TX820 TX110 TX210 TX150 TX250. 4301/1. The above Table is applicable only for ASTM A320 Grade B8, Class 2 and A193 Grade B8, Class 2 Stud Bolts. The term “schedule” refers to the minimum wall thickness of the steel pipe. Other guidelines to remember when the processing draw reductions are:Thread Coeff friction Preload (Kn) property class Tightening torque (Nm) property class Min. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. Stainless Steel: 304ss, 316ss, 410ss. Next we simply need to choose the specified gauge of 10. Mathematically k factor value is equal to the ratio of position of neutral axis and sheet thickness. To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Water - Thermal Conductivity vs. 882 kcal/h m 2 o C - Unit Converter; Note that these coefficients are very rough. The K-factor can also be used to calculate bending allowance and bending deduction. K factor synonyms, K factor pronunciation, K factor translation, English dictionary definition of K factor. . 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. 93 1. For example, for a different steel (other than 533 B) such as A 517 the endurance stress range Δσ. There are three widely used Monel alloys, namely 400, R-405, and K-500. AISI 304 and 316 are the most common grades in this series. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. 0 (115 metric) Max. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. In this instance 304L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation. 35 . a. K-Factor. It enters a region where da/dN is linearly dependent upon log ΔK. To better understand the main contributing factor to the mechanical anisotropy of AM stainless steel 316L, bulk specimens were fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. 141). 00 Energy Electricity Country Canada kWh 10%0. To find the thermal resistance and overall heat transfer coefficient: Select the mode of heat transfer, conduction and convection (on both sides). The table at. The K-factor is used to calculate flat patterns because it is related to how much material is stretched during bending. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. Other stainlessYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 3 which will result in K factor of 0. Bend allowance chart for SPCC (mild steel) 2. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. 33 K factor 0. In fire protection system, the K-factor formula is used to calculate the volumetric flow rate from the fire sprinkler (sprinkler head), water mist nozzle, or deluge fire system nozzles. Joint Tightness 95 3. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. 2 m 2. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. To calculate K-factor: Enter the material thickness, T = 1 mm T = 1 ext{ mm} T = 1 mm. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. 0. The k-factor allows you to calculate the bend allowance, the outside setback, the bend deduction, and the flat layout of the precision part you’re forming. 2. 35 K = 0. ξ = minor loss coefficient Δ p minor_loss = minor pressure loss (Pa (N/m 2 ), psf (lb/ft 2 ) ) . $endgroup$An Inductive Proximity Sensor will detect both stainless steel and carbon steel. Table 8: Sample Torque Calculation with varying K Factor. It is recommended for parts that cannot be annealed after welding in certain corrosive environments. 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material [3]. Since the friction coefficient - λ - is on both sides of the equation, it must be solved by iteration. See moreHow do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k. 33: K factor:. 33: 0. 3. The K-factor in sheet metal bending represents the ratio between the thickness of the metal and an invisible line called the “neutral axis. . where k is a constant 8. 11 to 0. 00% THERMAL PROPERTIES Reference Temperature 23°C (73°F) 23°C (73°F). Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. Its carbon content is ≤0. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. , in. 8 mm bend radius has a springback of 0. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Show advanced filters Hide advanced filters. R. 7 C). 7 W/(m K). For TMT steel bars, it is 7850 kg/m3. This Table is applicable to Never-Seize paste and Fel-Pro lubricant, K=0. K Factor. The K-factor is simply the tangent of half the bend angle. 88 x Fn for music wire. There are other values for stainless and aluminum, but in most cases, 0. Is it used in a variety of industries due to its combination of strength and corrosion resistance versus cost. Davis. The constant volume law. The higher strength comes at the cost of lower corrosion resistance at higher temperatures.